Chii chinonzi Asthma?
Asthma chirwere chemapapu chisingaperi (chinogara kwenguva refu) chinokanganisa nzira dzekufema—machubhu anotakura mweya uchipinda nekubuda mumapapu ako. Muvanhu vane asthma, nzira idzi dzekufema dzinowanzo tsva uye dzinonzwa kusuruvara. Kana dzikasangana nezvimwe zvinokonzera, dzinogona kutowedzera kuzvimba, uye tsandanyama dzakavapoteredza dzinogona kuoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviomere mhepo kufamba zvakanaka, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zveasthma, zvinowanzonzi "asthma attack" kana kuwedzera.
Chii Chinoitika Panguva Yekurwiswa neAsthma?
Maitiro acho anosanganisira shanduko nhatu huru munzira dzekufema:
Kuzvimba uye Kuzvimba: Mupendero wenzira dzekufema unotsvuka, wozvimba, uye woburitsa madzihwa akawandisa.
Kuvharika kwebronchi: Tsandanyama dzakakomberedza nzira dzekufema dzinosimba.
Kuwedzera Kwekugadzirwa Kwemanyoka: Manyoka akakora anovhara nzira dzekufema dzakatove dzakatetepa.
Pamwe chete, shanduko idzi dzinoita kuti nzira dzekufema dzive dzakatetepa, sekunge jira riri kudzvanywa. Izvi zvinotungamira kuzviratidzo zvinozivikanwa.
Zviratidzo Zvakajairika
Zviratidzo zveasthma zvinogona kusiyana kubva pamunhu kuenda kune mumwe uye nguva nenguva. Zvinosanganisira:
- Kushaya mweya
- Kufema (kurira kwemuridzo kana kurira kwemuridzo kana uchifema)
- Kuoma kwechipfuva kana kurwadziwa
- Kukosora, kazhinji kunowedzera husiku kana mangwanani-ngwanani
Vanhu vakasiyana vane zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinokonzera izvi. Zvinonyanya kukonzera izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Zvirwere zveAllergens: Mukume, zvikwekwe zveguruva, spores dzechikohwe, dander yemhuka dzinovaraidza, tsvina yemapete.
- Zvinotsamwisa: Utsi hwefodya, kusvibiswa kwemhepo, utsi hwakasimba hwemakemikari, zvinonhuhwirira.
- Zvirwere zvekufema: Dzihwa, furuu, hutachiona hwesinus.
- Kurovedza muviri: Kurovedza muviri kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo (Kukonzereswa neBronchoconstriction inokonzerwa nekurovedza muviri).
- Mamiriro ekunze: Mhepo inotonhora, yakaoma kana kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kamwe kamwe.
- Manzwiro Akasimba: Kushushikana, kuseka, kana kuchema.
- Mimwe Mishonga: Sezvakaita aspirin kana mimwe mishonga isingashandisi steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) mune vamwe vanhu.
Kuongorora uye Kurapwa
Hapana bvunzo imwe chete yeasthma. Vanachiremba vanoiongorora zvichibva pane zvakaitika kare, bvunzo yemuviri, uye bvunzo dzekushanda kwemapapu, dzakadai se spirometry, iyo inoyera kuti unogona kubudisa mweya wakawanda sei uye nekukurumidza sei.
Kunyange hazvo pasina mushonga weasthma, inogona kurapwa zvinobudirira nekurapwa kwakakodzera, zvichiita kuti vanhu vararame hupenyu hwakazara uye hune simba. Kurapa kunowanzo sanganisira mhando mbiri huru dzemishonga:
Mishonga Yekudzora Nguva Refu (Inodzivirira): Inotorwa zuva nezuva kuderedza kuzvimba uye kudzivirira zviratidzo. Mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye corticosteroids inofemwa (semuenzaniso, fluticasone, budesonide).
Mishonga Yekununura Nokukurumidza: Inoshandiswa panguva yekurwiswa neasthma kupa zororo nekukurumidza nekuzorodza tsandanyama dzemhepo dzakasimba. Idzi dzinowanzova ma-beta agonists (SABAs) anobata nguva pfupi sealbuterol.
Chikamu chakakosha chekutarisira chirwere ndechekugadzira chirongwa cheAsthma Action Plan chakagadzirirwa chiremba wako. Chirongwa ichi chakanyorwa chinotsanangura mishonga yaunofanira kunwa zuva nezuva, maitiro ekuziva zviratidzo zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera, uye matanho ekutora (kusanganisira nguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwekukurumidzira) panguva yekurwiswa.
Kurarama neAsthma
Kurapa kweasthma kunobudirira kunopfuura mishonga chete:
Ziva Uye Dzivisa Zvinokonzera: Shanda kuti uderedze kusangana nezvinokonzera zvaunozivikanwa.
Tarisa Kufema Kwako: Gara uchitarisa kuyerera kwemhepo yako (chiyero chekuti mweya unofamba zvakanaka sei mumapapu ako).
Baiwa Majekiseni: Kupihwa jekiseni refuruu gore rega rega uye kugara uchiziva nezvemajekiseni epneumonia zvinogona kudzivirira zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera kurwiswa.
Ramba Uchishingaira: Kurovedza muviri nguva dzose kunosimbisa mwoyo nemapapu ako. Shanda nachiremba wako kuti ugadzirise zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekurovedza muviri.
Nguva Yekutsvaga Rubatsiro Rwekukurumidzira
Tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika kana:
Mushonga wako wekufemesa unokurumidza haupe zororo kana kuti zororo racho rinotora nguva pfupi.
Une kufema kwakaoma, haugone kutaura zvakanaka, kana kuti miromo/nzara dzako dzinoshanduka kuita bhuruu.
Kuverenga kwako kwehuwandu hwepamusoro-soro kuri mu "nzvimbo tsvuku" sezvakatsanangurwa muchirongwa chako chekuita.
Mufananidzo Mukuru
Asthma chirwere chinowanzoitika chinobata mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose, kubva kuvana kusvika kuvakuru. Nekushandisa mishonga yemazuva ano uye hurongwa hwakanaka hwekutarisira, kuputika kweasthma kunogona kudzivirirwa, uye zviratidzo zvinodzorwa. Kana uchifungidzira kuti iwe kana waunoda ane asthma, kubvunza chiremba ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yakakosha yekurerutsira kufema.
Kuzvimba kwenguva refu kwemhepo inofambisa mweya chiratidzo chinowanzoitika kune mamwe marudzi easthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), uye chirwere chisingaperi chemapapu chinovhara mweya (COPD).
Munyika yanhasi, bvunzo isingapindi muropa, iri nyore, inodzokororwa, inokurumidza, iri nyore, uye inodhura zvishoma inonzi Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), inowanzobatsira kuona kuzvimba kwemhepo, uye nekudaro inotsigira kuongororwa kweasthma kana paine kusaziva kwekuongororwa.
Kuwanda kwecarbon monoxide mumhepo inobuda (FeCO2), kwakafanana neFeNO2, kwakaongororwa sechiratidzo chekufema chemamiriro ezvinhu epathophysiological, kusanganisira mamiriro ekusvuta, uye zvirwere zvekuzvimba zvemapapu nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
UBREATH Exhalation analyzer (BA810) chishandiso chekurapa chakagadzirwa uye chakagadzirwa ne e-LinkCare Meditech kuti chibatanidzwe neFeNO neFeCO bvunzo kuti zvipe chiyero nekukurumidza, chakarurama, uye chehuwandu kuitira kubatsira mukuongorora uye kurapwa kwekiriniki senge asthma nezvimwe zvirwere zvekufema zvinokonzeresa kufema.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2025